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Henry VII, a Lancastrian, became king of England; five months later he married Elizabeth of York, thus ending the Wars of the Roses and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. After Edward’s death, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, shunted aside his nephew who could rightfully claim the throne as Edward V, and gained the ire of many Yorkists when he was crowned King Richard III. Disaffected Yorkists, previously defeated Lancastrians, and French allies threw their support to Henry Tudor, who defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 and was proclaimed King Henry VII.
Describe the Plantagenet dynasty
His accession was te result of agreements that brought to an end the civil war between Stephen and Henry’s mother, Matilda. His reign was marked by the murder of Thomas Becket and feuds between himself and his sons, Richard and John. Between their son and Henry VI (grandson of Henry IV) and the sons and heirs of these rivals was fought out the dynastic struggle known as the Wars of the Roses, which proved fatal to several members of both houses. It did not end until the last Yorkist king, Richard III, was defeated at Bosworth Field in 1485 by Henry Tudor, who became Henry VII and founder of the house of Tudor. Although his earldom was forfeited, Richard (the father) was not attainted, and the four-year-old orphan Richard was his heir.
Descendants of Edward III of England
Edward III’s numerous children and their marriages greatly affected English history. Edward’s heir, the “Black Prince,” left an only son, who succeeded his grandfather as Richard II, on whose death (1399) this line became extinct. Lionel, the next surviving son of Edward III, left an only child, Philippa, who married the earl of March, in whose heirs was the right to the succession. The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession. It culminated in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III.
The diamonds worn by Diana, Princess of Wales on her wedding day
Richard II made his uncle (Edward III's fourth son) Edmund the first duke of York in 1385. Edmund was married to Isabella, a daughter of King Peter of Castile and María de Padilla and the sister of Constance of Castile, who was the second wife of Edmund's brother John of Gaunt. The younger, Richard, became involved in the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy to depose Henry V in favour of Richard's brother-in-law Edmund Mortimer.
Angevins[change change source]
In the 15th century Henry VI was actually crowned king of the French in Paris. The family maintained close links with the Holy Land through the crusades. Only after 200 years did English become the official language of law and parliament, and even by the time of Geoffrey Chaucer, most sophisticated courtiers still spoke and corresponded in French. Fourteen kings of England belonged to the royal house of Plantagenet.
King Henry II of England was the son of Geoffrey Plantagenet. Henry became the successor to the throne of England and hence began the dynasty of Plantagenet. Henry II had three royal lines which continued as it is till Edward III became the king. The House of Plantagenets was originally from the Counts of Anjou. The Plantagenet dynasty was established in the tenth century by Fulk I of Anjou. They ruled England from 1154 to 1485 for 331 years, providing England with 14 greatest kings.
This Is How the Plantagenet Dynasty Under Richard II Collapsed - The Collector
This Is How the Plantagenet Dynasty Under Richard II Collapsed.
Posted: Sun, 09 Jan 2022 08:00:00 GMT [source]
Descendants of Edward I of England
The different Plantagenet monarchs had hugely different levels of success in this regard. By the end of the dynasty’s rule, the nations of the British Isles and France were formed in much the way that we now see them on the map. Although well established, the surname Plantagenet has little historical justification. It was not, however, a hereditary surname, and Geoffrey’s descendants in England remained without one for more than 250 years, although surnames became universal outside the royal family.
The Plantagenet dynasty ruled England for longer than any other house. Government saw many changes and many of the checks and balances that exist today originate from the Plantagenet era. Warfare changed, as a result of the Crusades and European Wars that England was involved in. The relationship between the different kingdoms of the British Isles also altered.
It was possibly a nickname that came from the Latin name for a plant (planta genista) that Henry’s father, Geoffrey of Anjou, wore in his cap. The Black Death contribued to changes in the way that society ws structured. It triggered events that, along with Poll Taxes, caused the Peasants Revolt.
The minority rule of Henry VI saw leading nobles ruling. He was not a strong figure and court began to disintegrate as factions squabbled. Henry’s rule was then briefly reinstated as the War of the Roses swung in favour of the House of Lancaster. Edward IV returned though, defeating Henry’s forces, organised by his wife, Margaret of Anjou and the Earl of Warwick and regaining the throne. Henry II became king following the death of King Stephen.
The early Plantagenet kings struggled for power with the Roman Catholic Church and the English nobles. By the time of King John’s reign, a group of powerful men known as barons had joined together to try to limit the king’s power and to make him rule according to law. In 1215 they forced him to sign a document called the Magna Carta (or “Great Charter”). This limited the rights of the king and protected the rights of his subjects. However he died unexpectedly while his heir was a baby.
In 1328, Charles IV of France died without a male heir. Queen Isabella made a claim to the throne of France on behalf of her son Edward, on the grounds that he was a matrilineal grandson of Philip IV of France. However, the precedents set by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre and Charles IV's succession over his nieces meant that the senior grandson of Philip III in the male line, Phillip of Valois, became king. Not yet in power, Edward paid homage to Phillip as Duke of Aquitaine. The House of Plantagenet that ruled England from 1154 to 1485, had fourteen kings from the Lancaster House and the House of York.
Arise, England by Caroline Burt & Richard Partington, review: the dynasty that gave England life - The Telegraph
Arise, England by Caroline Burt & Richard Partington, review: the dynasty that gave England life.
Posted: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 07:00:00 GMT [source]
Henry III (ruled 1216–72) spent a large part of his reign fighting the barons. They disliked the fact that the king had chosen many foreigners to be his close advisers. In 1264 the barons staged a rebellion, under the leadership of Simon de Montfort, but this was crushed the following year. Richard I (ruled 1189–99) was the next Plantagenet king. The Crusades were efforts by Christians from Europe to gain control of Jerusalem and other parts of the Middle East that were known as the Holy Land.
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